The Mingo Junction Police Department was created on February 20, 1883 and serves within the incorporated boundaries of Mingo Junction. Currently the department contractually assists the neighboring departments of Steubenville, Wells Township, and Jefferson County in cases of mutual aid. The department is established with a descending order of ranks from Chief of Police and Patrolmen. The department consists of two major components, the office of the Chief of Police and Operations.

The department annually receives 3000-4000 complaints per year. The department's approximate yearly budget is $375,000 including wages. The candidate testing consists of a written exam, oral interview, polygraph exam, psychological exam, criminal history check, and financial background check.

All members of the department are currently active within the collective bargaining agent for the police and fire departments known as the Mingo Safety Forces Association. Both departments unionized in 1984 and were recognized by the city and state as an exclusive bargaining agent within the city for uniformed employees. The sworn police officers are also members of the Fraternal Order of Police, Lodge #1 in Steubenville, Ohio.

The department participates in the state's D.A.R.E. Program, working in conjunction with the local elementary and middle schools. The department is very community-conscious and is always looking for additional ways to be involved with the citizens of the village.